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1 online resource (527 pages) |
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computer c |
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online resource cr |
| Contents |
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author Bios -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Philosophy -- 1.1 What Is Meant by the Term Wildlife Resource? -- 1.2 What Is the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation? -- 1.3 What Are the Alternatives to the North American Model of Wildlife Management and the Public Trust Doctrine? -- 1.4 What Is the Tyranny of the Majority? -- 1.5 Should Wildlife Be Managed for the Benefit of Wildlife or People? -- 1.6 What Are the Goals of Wildlife Management? -- 1.7 What Positive Values Are Provided by Wildlife? -- 1.8 What Negative Values Are Provided by Wildlife? -- 1.9 How Does Wildlife Damage Management Contribute to the Larger Field of Wildlife Management? -- 1.10 Are There Alternative Definitions for Wildlife Damage Management? -- 1.11 Is the Killing of Problem Animals Ethical? -- 1.12 What Are the Necessary Ingredients for the Occurrence of Wildlife Damage? -- 1.13 Who Is Legally Responsible for Wildlife Damage? -- 1.14 What Lessons Did the International Union for Conservation of Nature Learn about Human-Wildlife Conflicts? -- 1.14.1 Lesson 1: Human-Wildlife Conflicts Often Involve Human-Human Conflicts -- 1.14.2 Lesson 2: Biology Is a Necessary Part of the Solution, but It Is Not Sufficient in Itself -- 1.14.3 Lesson 3: Perceptions of Conflict Are Important, and Solutions Must Address Them -- 1.14.4 Lesson 4: Global Insights and Local Variability Need to Be Balanced -- 1.14.5 Lesson 5: Successful Responses Require the Use of Multiple and Adaptive Tools -- 1.14.6 Lesson 6: Demonstrating Genuine Effort Is a Valuable First Step -- 1.15 Why Worry about Human-Wildlife Conflicts? -- 1.16 Summary -- 1.17 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 2 Threats to Human Safety -- 2.1 Why Do Animals Attack People? -- 2.2 How Often Are Humans Injured or Killed by Wildlife? -- 2.3 Sharks -- 2.4 Snakes. |
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2.5 Alligators, Crocodiles, and Caimans -- 2.6 Rodents and Small Mammals -- 2.7 Bears -- 2.8 Coyotes, Wolves, and Other Canids -- 2.9 Cougars, Lions, and Tigers -- 2.10 Herbivores -- 2.11 Primates -- 2.12 Why Has There Been a Recent Increase in Wildlife Attacks on Humans in North America and Worldwide? -- 2.13 Are Wildlife Attacks Caused by Wildlife or Humans? -- 2.14 What Are the Consequences of Wildlife Attacks on Humans? -- 2.15 How Many Human Injuries and Fatalities Result from Wildlife-Automobile Collisions? -- 2.16 How Can the Number of Deer-Vehicle Collisions Be Reduced? -- 2.17 How Many Human Injuries and Fatalities Result from Bird-Aircraft Collisions? -- 2.18 Summary -- 2.19 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 3 Zoonotic Diseases -- 3.1 Data Sources -- 3.2 Leptospirosis -- 3.3 Lyme Disease -- 3.4 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever -- 3.5 Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis -- 3.6 Rabies -- 3.7 Influenza -- 3.8 West Nile Virus Disease -- 3.9 Coronaviruses -- 3.10 Hantaviruses -- 3.11 Histoplasmosis -- 3.12 Baylisascariasis or Raccoon Roundworms -- 3.13 Schistosomiasis or Swimmer's Itch -- 3.14 Summary -- 3.15 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 4 Economics -- 4.1 Why Is It Important to Have Economic Data About Human-Wildlife Conflicts? -- 4.2 Can Economics Be Used to Assess the Value of Wildlife? -- 4.3 How Can the Positive Values of Wildlife Be Measured? -- 4.3.1 Money Spent -- 4.3.2 Time Spent -- 4.3.3 Willingness to Pay -- 4.3.4 Willingness to Do Without -- 4.3.5 Income-Producing Ability -- 4.3.6 Increase in Property Values -- 4.4 Who Should Be Surveyed to Determine the Economic Value of Wildlife? -- 4.5 Can Losses to Wildlife Be Determined by Making a Direct Measurement of Loses? -- 4.6 Can Energetic Models Help Determine Losses to Wildlife? -- 4.7 Can Losses to Wildlife Be Determined by Surveying People?. |
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4.8 Are People's Perceptions of Losses to Wildlife Accurate? -- 4.9 What Is a Lost-Opportunity Cost? -- 4.10 What Are Some Considerations Regarding the Economics of Wildlife Damage? -- 4.11 How Much Wildlife Damage Is There in the United States and Worldwide? -- 4.11.1 Deer-Automobile Collisions -- 4.11.2 Bird-Aircraft Collisions -- 4.11.3 Wildlife Damage to Households -- 4.11.4 Wildlife Damage to the Timber Industry -- 4.11.4.1 Southeast -- 4.11.4.2 Northeast -- 4.11.4.3 Northwest -- 4.11.5 Wildlife Damage to Agricultural Production -- 4.12 What Is the Total Economic Loss Due to Wildlife in the United States? -- 4.13 Do High Levels of Wildlife Damage Mean that Wildlife Populations Are Too High? -- 4.14 What Human-Wildlife Conflicts Occur in Other Countries? -- 4.14.1 Central America and South America -- 4.14.2 United Kingdom -- 4.14.3 Europe -- 4.14.4 Africa -- 4.14.5 Asia -- 4.14.6 Australia -- 4.15 Summary -- 4.16 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 5 Exotic Species -- 5.1 What Impacts Do Exotic Species Have on Native Flora and Fauna? -- 5.2 What Is the Impact of Exotic Species on Hawaii? -- 5.3 What Is the Impact of Exotic Species on Guam? -- 5.4 What Is the Impact of Exotic Species on Australia? -- 5.5 What Is the Impact of Exotic Species on North America? -- 5.6 Can Environmental Problems Caused by Exotic Animals Be Resolved? -- 5.6.1 Preventing Exotic Animals from Reaching Foreign Shores -- 5.6.2 Preventing Exotic Animals from Establishing a Free-Ranging Population -- 5.6.3 Eradicating Populations of Exotic Animals -- 5.7 Can Populations of Exotic Species Be Reduced When Eradication Is Not an Option? -- 5.8 Are There Unintended Consequences of Eradicating an Exotic Population? -- 5.9 Can We Predict When an Exotic Species Will Cause Environment Damage? -- 5.9.1 Which Sites Are Vulnerable to Invasion of Exotic Species?. |
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5.9.2 Which Animals Are Likely to Invade? -- 5.9.3 When Is an Invasive Animal Likely to Establish a Free-Ranging Population? -- 5.10 Can an Integrated Program Be Developed to Stop the Spread of Exotics to New Areas? -- 5.11 Summary -- 5.12 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 6 Fear-Provoking Stimuli -- 6.1 What Visual Stimuli Can Serve as Fear-Provoking Stimuli? -- 6.2 What Auditory Stimuli Can Be Used as Fear-Provoking Stimuli? -- 6.2.1 Exploders and Bangers -- 6.2.2 Novel Sounds -- 6.2.3 Distress Calls and Alarm Calls -- 6.2.4 Sounds from Dominant or Aggressive Individuals -- 6.3 Which Olfactory Stimuli Can Be Used as Fear-Provoking Stimuli? -- 6.4 Can Punishment Alter an Animal's Behavior? -- 6.5 What Limits the Effectiveness of Fear-Provoking Stimuli? -- 6.6 Can Habituation to Fear-Provoking Stimuli Be Delayed? -- 6.7 Can Live Predators Serve as Fear-Provoking Stimuli? -- 6.8 Are Guard Dogs Effective as Fear-Provoking Stimuli? -- 6.9 What Is Hazing or Harassment? -- 6.10 Is It Possible to Create a Landscape of Fear? -- 6.11 Summary -- 6.12 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 7 Chemical Repellents -- 7.1 How Do Plants Use Chemicals to Defend Themselves from Herbivores? -- 7.2 Is There a Biological Basis for Food Preferences? -- 7.2.1 Role of Olfaction in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.2.2 Role of Taste in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.2.3 Role of Tactile Stimuli in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.2.4 Role of Animal-Derived Substances in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.2.5 Role of Irritants in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.2.6 Role of Post-Ingestion Feedback in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.2.7 Role of Early-Life Experiences in Shaping Food Preferences -- 7.3 What Types of Repellents Work Best -- 7.3.1 Bear Spray -- 7.3.2 Area Repellents -- 7.3.3 Contact Repellents -- 7.3.4 Systemic Repellents. |
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7.4 What Are the Benefits of Deception-Based Aversions? -- 7.5 Is Batesian Mimicry Similar to Deception-Based Food Aversions? -- 7.5.1 Precision of Mimicry -- 7.5.2 Cost-Benefit Ratio -- 7.6 What Factors Influence the Effectiveness of Repellents to Reduce Wildlife Damage? -- 7.7 What Laws Govern the Use of Wildlife Repellents? -- 7.8 Summary -- 7.9 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 8 Exclusion -- 8.1 What Influences the Cost-Effectiveness of Fencing to Reduce Human-Wildlife Conflicts? -- 8.2 What Types of Fences Are Used to Exclude Deer and Other Mammals? -- 8.2.1 Chain-Link and Woven-Wire Fencing -- 8.2.2 Electric Fencing -- 8.3 Can Fences Reduce Deer-Vehicle Collisions? -- 8.4 Can Invisible Fences Reduce Wildlife Damage? -- 8.5 Can Fences Keep Elephants Out of Agricultural Fields? -- 8.6 Can Fences Protect Livestock from Predators? -- 8.7 Can Exclusion Keep Nests Safe from Predators? -- 8.8 Can Barriers Protect Individual Trees from Herbivores? -- 8.9 Can Beavers Be Stopped from Rebuilding Their Dams? -- 8.10 Can a Trap-Barrier System Reduce Rat Damage in Rice Fields? -- 8.11 Can Bird Damage Be Reduced Using Netting or Overhead Wires? -- 8.12 Can Raptors and Corvids Be Kept Away from Power Lines? -- 8.13 Can Nuisance Animals Be Kept Out of Trash? -- 8.14 Can Buildings Be Made Wildlife Proof? -- 8.15 What Are the Limitations of Using Exclusion? -- 8.16 Summary -- 8.17 Discussion Questions -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 9 Diversion -- 9.1 What Is the Optimal Foraging Theory? -- 9.2 Is Large Group Formation a Natural Form of Diversion? -- 9.3 Can Diversion Mitigate Wildlife Damage to Agriculture? -- 9.4 Can Diversion Reduce Wildlife Damage to Timber? -- 9.5 Can Wildlife Be Protected through Diversion? -- 9.6 Can Diversion Be Used to Reduce Ungulate-Vehicle Collisions?. |
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9.7 Can Habitat Modification Be Used to Create a Food Diversion?. |
| Alt author |
Conover, Denise O.
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| ISBN |
9780429685729 (electronic bk.) |
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