| Descript |
1 online resource (416 pages) |
| Content |
text txt |
| Media |
computer c |
| Carrier |
online resource cr |
| Contents |
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Series Editors' Note -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Préface -- Introduction -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter I: General Aspects of Reprisals -- 1.1. Historical outline -- 1.2. Reprisals in contemporary international law -- 1.2.1. International law: its nature -- 1.2.2. Sanctions of international law -- 1.2.3. Reprisals as sanctions of international law -- 1.2.4. Reprisals and certain related concepts -- 1.2.5. Participants in reprisals -- 1.2.6. Reprisals and the standard of objectivity -- 1.2.7. Definition of reprisals -- 1.3. Belligerent reprisals -- 1.3.1. Armed conflict -- 1.3.2. Participants in belligerent reprisals -- 1.3.3. Law involved in belligerent reprisals -- 1.3.4. Special features of belligerent reprisals -- Chapter II: Evolution of the Law as to Belligerent Reprisals in the Period prior to the First World War -- 2.1. The Conference of Brussels of 1874 -- 2.2. The Oxford Manual -- 2.3. The Peace Conference of 1899 -- 2.4. The Second Peace Conference of 1907 -- 2.5. Conclusions -- Chapter III: The Period between the First and Second World Wars -- 3.1. Prelude to the Conference of 1929 -- 3.1.1. The ICRC and the Red Cross Conference of I 921 -- 3.1.2. The draft code of the International Law Association -- 3.1.3. Further preparations for the 1929 Conference -- 3.2. The Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1929 -- 3.3. The Tokyo project of 1934 -- 3.4. The Disarmament Conference of 1932-1934 -- 3.5. Conclusions -- Chapter IV: Reprisals in the Second World War-I: British Reprisals Orders, 1939-1940 -- 4.1. Description of the British measures -- 4.1.1. Orders in Council establishing control over enemy exports, November 1939-July 1940 -- 4.1.2. Order in Council establishing Compulsory Navicerting, 31 July 1940 -- 4.2. Legal aspects of the German conduct of warfare, 1939-1940. |
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4.2.1. German actions prior to the Order in Council of 27 November 1939 -- 4.2.2. German actions between 27 November 1939 and 31 July 1940 -- 4.3. Legal nature of the British measures -- 4.3.1. The Order in Council of 27 November 1939 -- 4.3.2. The Order in Council of 31 July 1940 -- 4.4. Appraisal of the grounds advanced in justification of the British measures -- 4.4.1. The Order in Council of 27 November 1939 -- 4.4.2. Extension of export control to other enemy States -- 4.4.3. The Order in Council of 31 July 1940 -- 4.5. Conclusions -- Chapter V: Reprisals in the Second World War-II -- 5.1. German reprisal bombardment of London, September-November 1940 -- 5.1.1. The facts -- 5.1.2. Legal character of the British and German bombing actions, May-November 1940 -- 5.1.3. Appraisal of the alleged character as a reprisal of the bombardment of London -- 5.2. Reprisals against prisoners of war -- 5.2.1. The shackling of prisoners of war -- 5.2.2. The Commando Order -- 5.2.3. The killing of German prisoners of war held by the French Forces of the Interior -- 5.3. Reprisals against the civil population in occupied territory -- 5.4. Conclusions -- Chapter VI: Developments after the Second World War -- 6.1. Judicial decisions relating to the Second World War -- 6.1.1. Discussion between prosecution and defence in Trial of Major War Criminals, Nuremberg -- 6.1.2. The Hostages Case -- 6.1.3. The Einsatzgruppen and High Command Cases -- 6.1.4. The Ardeatine Cave Cases -- 6.1.5. The Rauter Case -- 6.1.6. The Falkenhausen Case -- 6.1.7. The Dostler Case -- 6.2. Attempts at codification: success and failure -- 6.2.1. The Conventions of Geneva of 1949 -- 6.2.2. The Convention of The Hague of 1954 -- 6.2.3. The Draft Rules of the International Committee of the Red Cross -- 6.2.4. The Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind. |
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6.3. Belligerent reprisals in contemporary international practice -- 6.3.1. Armed non-belligerent reprisals -- 6.3.2. Reprisals and punishment of war crimes -- 6.3.3. Reprisal executions by the Vietcong -- 6.3.4. The hostages in Stanleyville -- 6.3.5. The destruction of houses in Israel-occupied Arab territory -- 6.4. Conclusions -- Chapter VII: Results and Perspectives -- 7.1. The law in force concerning belligerent reprisals -- 7 .1.1. Prohibitions in force -- 7.1.2. Norms regulating the recourse to belligerent reprisals -- 7 .1.3. The retaliatory use of means of warfare: the issue of NBC weapons -- 7 .1.4. Retaliatory attacks on non-military objectives: the protection of the civil population in enemy territory -- 7.2. The relation of belligerent reprisals to certain other concepts -- 7.2.1. Reciprocity -- 7 .2.2. Tu quoque -- 7.2.3. Military necessity -- 7.3. The character and function of belligerent reprisals -- 7.3.1. A misconception: belligerent reprisals as an alleged factor in changing the laws of war -- 7.3.2. An inconsistency: belligerent reprisals and international adjudicationof wartime events -- 7.3.3. An alternative: belligerent reprisals and individual punishment of war crimes -- 7.3.4. A substitute: belligerent reprisals and outside supervision -- 7.3.5. Final appraisal: merits and demerits of belligerent reprisals in an anachronistic world-order -- Index of Names -- Subject Index -- International Humanitarian Law Series. |
| ISBN |
9789047415053 (electronic bk.) |
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